Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: 19 F-perfluorocarbon-labeled human peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be detected in vivo using clinical MRI parameters in a therapeutic cell setting

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-19031-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A clinical 3 T MRI scanner detects 19 F-PFC-labeled human PBMC. ( a ) A T1-weighted, coronal orientation MR image obtained using a body coil reveals human inguinal lymph nodes as dark spheres (blue arrows) within the fat of the upper thigh. The red dashed line indicates the location of the axial MRI slice ( b ). In the axial image, the position of the lymph node is measured to be approximately 1.5 cm below the skin ( b , red scale bar). ( c , d , e , f , g ) PBMC were obtained from a healthy volunteer and labeled overnight with the 19 F-PFC cell-labeling agent before injection into a ham shank. Imaging was performed by placing the 1 H/ 19 F switchable RF ( c ) coil on the ham shank as shown ( d ). Cells were administered intradermally with MR images shown for the, 20 × 10 6 ( e , yellow arrow) and the 4.5 × 10 6 ( f , yellow arrow) intradermal doses. An additional 4.5 × 10 6 dose was administered intramuscularly ( f , yellow arrow), which is visible at a 1.2 cm depth as measured from the MR image. A representative human proton image taken with the same parameters closely resembles the ham images in both tissue appearance and subcutaneous fat deposition ( g ). Scale bars represent 6 cm.

Article Snippet: Site-specific imaging was performed by placing a dual 1 H/ 19 F-tuned switchable surface coil (4.3 cm × 4.3 cm; Clinical MR Solutions) directly over the ROI for optimum sensitivity.

Techniques: Labeling, Injection, Imaging

Journal: BJR Open

Article Title: How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started

doi: 10.1259/bjro.20230019

Figure Lengend Snippet: A general overview of the advantages and disadvantages of 19F MRI

Article Snippet: Cell tracking , Human mesenchymal stem cells ( ex vivo ) , CS-1000 or CS-ATM-DM Red; Celsense , 3D bSSFP , 9.4 T small animal MRI system; Varian , custom dual 1H/19F birdcage coil, 22 mm i.d.; Agilent , Ribot et al. (2014) .

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Imaging

Journal: BJR Open

Article Title: How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started

doi: 10.1259/bjro.20230019

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of 19F MRI studies with different applications and system specifications

Article Snippet: Cell tracking , Human mesenchymal stem cells ( ex vivo ) , CS-1000 or CS-ATM-DM Red; Celsense , 3D bSSFP , 9.4 T small animal MRI system; Varian , custom dual 1H/19F birdcage coil, 22 mm i.d.; Agilent , Ribot et al. (2014) .

Techniques: Imaging, Sequencing, In Situ, Cell Tracking Assay, Ex Vivo, In Vivo, Transfection, Injection, Activity Assay, Modification, In Vitro, Emulsion

Journal: BJR Open

Article Title: How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started

doi: 10.1259/bjro.20230019

Figure Lengend Snippet: Properties of different classes of fluorinated agents used in 19F MRI

Article Snippet: Cell tracking , Human mesenchymal stem cells ( ex vivo ) , CS-1000 or CS-ATM-DM Red; Celsense , 3D bSSFP , 9.4 T small animal MRI system; Varian , custom dual 1H/19F birdcage coil, 22 mm i.d.; Agilent , Ribot et al. (2014) .

Techniques: Molecular Weight, Cell Tracking Assay, Polymer, Formulation, In Vivo

Journal: BJR Open

Article Title: How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started

doi: 10.1259/bjro.20230019

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pitfalls in 19F MRI for beginners. 1H and 19F MR images were acquired in PFPE phantoms at 7T. 1H/19F images are depicted in greyscale (1H) and pseudocolour (19F). Image (iii) is the correct example. ( a ) Influence of transmitter gain calibrations on image quality, comparing 19F FSE acquisitions of (i) calibrated and (ii) uncalibrated RF pulse power. ( b ) and ( c ) Examples of chemical shift artefacts along the directions of frequency-encoding (iv) (v) and (ix), and slice selection (v) indicated by the red and green arrows, respectively. 19F images are superimposed in pseudocolour on top of the 1H images to illustrate the mismapping of the MR signal when selecting an off-resonance working frequency. PFPE has a major and a minor resonance peak in close proximity to each other. NMR signals from the minor peak are not detected at in vivo tracer concentrations. The chemical shift artefact recorded at a different slice (iv, green arrow) occurred due to imaging with an undiluted PFPE phantom. ( c ) Main magnetic field (B 0 ) inhomogeneities influence the Larmor frequency of 19F spins, causing distortions (vi), loss of signal due to line broadening (vii), and banding artefacts (ix). The 19F MR image in pseudocolour (v) was acquired with a fast spin echo sequence using erroneous shim values, while the 1H acquisition (greyscale) was acquired with proper shims. The 19F NMR spectrum of PFPE depicted in the upper graph was acquired in an inhomogeneous B 0 field and displays line broadening and increased noise compared to the bottom graph, which was acquired in a shimmed system. 1H FSE (viii) and bSSFP 19F (ix) MRI of four tubes filled with serially diluted PFPE in 1% low-melting point agarose. The bSSFP sequence is sensitive to B 0 inhomogeneities leading to the appearance of banding artefacts (blue arrow). Tissue-border interactions (in this case, the four tubes and air) perturb B 0 homogeneity, which may be challenging to fully correct via shimming. The four tubes with PFPE could instead be embedded within another tube with agarose to minimise tissue-border interactions. The bottom tubes were below the detection limits and, therefore, not visible in the 19F image. bSSFP: balanced steady-state free precession; FSE: fast spin echo; PFPE: perfluoropolyether; RF: radiofrequency

Article Snippet: Cell tracking , Human mesenchymal stem cells ( ex vivo ) , CS-1000 or CS-ATM-DM Red; Celsense , 3D bSSFP , 9.4 T small animal MRI system; Varian , custom dual 1H/19F birdcage coil, 22 mm i.d.; Agilent , Ribot et al. (2014) .

Techniques: Selection, In Vivo, Imaging, Sequencing

Journal: BJR Open

Article Title: How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started

doi: 10.1259/bjro.20230019

Figure Lengend Snippet: Basic principle of multispectral 19F MRI ( a ) Schematic representation of NMR spectra of three different fluorinated nanoprobes: I, II and III, each with distinct chemical shifts. The dashed boxes enclose the spectral peaks selected for 19F MRI. ( b ) Schematic representation of multispectral 19F MRI with phantoms. From top to bottom: 1H MRI for anatomical context, 19F MRI with the working frequency set to the respective nanoprobe (I, II or III) and a merged image with the 19F signals in pseudo-colour.

Article Snippet: Cell tracking , Human mesenchymal stem cells ( ex vivo ) , CS-1000 or CS-ATM-DM Red; Celsense , 3D bSSFP , 9.4 T small animal MRI system; Varian , custom dual 1H/19F birdcage coil, 22 mm i.d.; Agilent , Ribot et al. (2014) .

Techniques:

Journal: BJR Open

Article Title: How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started

doi: 10.1259/bjro.20230019

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of 19F MRI studies with different applications and system specifications

Article Snippet: Imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis model , Monocytes ( in vivo ) , PFCE NE (10% wt/vol) , TSE , 9.4 T horizontal bore animal spectrometer; Varian , custom dual 1H/19F surface coil, 18 mm diameter , van Heeswijk et al. (2015) .

Techniques: Imaging, Sequencing, In Situ, Cell Tracking Assay, Ex Vivo, In Vivo, Transfection, Injection, Activity Assay, Modification, In Vitro, Emulsion